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Summary_Endocrine system

Last updated 2023.03.13 Edit Source

# What is the task of the neuroendocrine system? (2p)

maintenance of homeostasis

# Compare the 2 parts of the neuroendocrine system in 1 sentence!(4p)

# Hormone system

transported by blood, slow communication

# Nervous system

neurons give the signals rapidly

# What transports the hormones and what can they do with the target cell? (3p)

a. blood
b. stimulates or inhibits cell metabolism

# Name the endocrine glands of the illustration( hypophysis, thyroid and parathyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, adrenal glands, testicles, ovaries)! (6p)

# Name 3 hormones and their tasks secreted by the anterior pituitary! (6p)

# What stores oxytocin? What is the effect of the hormone? (3p)

a. posterior pituitary
b. stimulates smooth muscle contractions of the uterus and milk excretion of mammary glands

# Name the 2 important hormones of the thyroid gland and explain their role briefly! (6p)

  1. thyroxine - increases glucose usage and energy production
  2. calcitonin - inhibits release of Ca from bones (triggered by high calcium levels)

# What produces the parathormone, write down its effect? (4p)

parathyroid, increases Ca reabsorption in kidneys, Ca uptake in gut, and Ca release from bones (released when Ca level of blood is low)

# Name the 2 hormones of the pancreas! Why are these hormones antagonistic? (5p)

opposite effect on blood sugar

glucagoninsulin
increaseslowers

# How can the glucagon increase the blood sugar level?(3p)

glycogen is decomposed in the liver and released into the bloodstream

# Why is insulin important for cells? Write down 2 effects of the insulin! (5p)

without insulin cells cannot absorb glucose → without glucose there’s no cell respiration

  1. glycogen is created in liver and muscles
  2. transform into lipids in adipose system

# What produces glucocorticoids? Write down 2 of their effects! (3p)

adrenal cortex

  1. regulate blood pressure
  2. raise protein and lipid metabolism
  3. increases muscle strength
  4. increases glycogen storage in liver

# Name the reaction belongs to adrenaline/epinephrine! Which gland secretes it? Write down 3 effects of adrenaline! (5p)

# Fight or flight system

adrenal medulla

  1. increases heart rate
  2. increases blood pressure
  3. increases blood sugar to help muscles and brain to deal with stress

# List the 3 hormones which high level causes ovulation (I want the long names, no abbreviation)! (3p)

high estrogen, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing Hormone

# What starts menstruation at the hormonal level? (2p)

the corpus luteum moulders → progesterone level decreases

# What causes gigantism? Name 2 characteristics! (5p)

overproduction of growth hormone during childhood

  1. long limbs
  2. weak muscles

# What causes acromegaly, write down 2 symptoms! (5p)

overproduction of growth hormone during adulthood
large

  1. hands
  2. feet
  3. ears
  4. nose
  5. jaw

# What is caused by the underproduction of growth hormone during childhood? Write down 2 characteristics! (3p)

dwarfism

  1. height under 140cm
  2. normal or higher intelligence
  3. disproportionate body

# Which hormones low level causes cretinism? Characterize the disorder in 3 points! (4p)

thyroxine

# What is caused by high thyroxine levels during adulthood? Write down 3 symptoms! (4p)

goitre

# List 4 symptoms of diabetes! (4p)

  1. thirst
  2. hunger
  3. frequent urination
  4. weight loss
  5. blurry vision
  6. fatigue
  7. dry skin

# List what can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes? (4p)

# What are the risks of diabetes without treatment? (4p)

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